Linguistic Communication Barriers Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Es

Communication Barriers Hispanic immigrants living in American are regularly faced with communication problems. When one’s native culture varies from the norm they are often the one expected to eliminate the disparity. Language barriers present for the Hispanic population living in America and their physical therapists can cause significant problems, not only for communication in general but also for diagnosis and treatment. In order to overcome communication barriers in the field of physical therapy, providers need to become more linguistically and culturally competent. When asked what was a problem that regularly frustrated her while working, Karen Hobbs, PT of Erwin NC, immediately responded, â€Å"not being able to talk to my own patients† (Hobbs). Mrs. Hobbs is a physical therapist who works in a rural farming community that is largely populated by Hispanics. Her frustration is shared by many physical therapists who struggle to communicate with their patients. Language barriers are a problem that physical therapist are faced with across the nation. In American, over two-fifths of the Spanish-speaking Hispanics report that they experience difficulty understanding their medical provider because of a language barrier. In many cases the weight of this problem that physical therapists are faced with is handed over to the patients. Only half of the patients that report a difficulty understanding and needing an interpreter present are regularly provided one (Uninsured). One study found that only one percent of Hispanics received help from a trained medical interpreter. Most patients relied on the help of family and friends (Bustos). Family members and friends that are used as translators often have a limited under... .... (March 2002): Joyner Library, City of Greenville, NC. February 2004. â€Å"Safety Pros Share Proven Tricks for Training Spanish-Speaking Workers.† LexisNexis. IOMA Safety Directors Report. (July 2003): Joyner Library, City of Greenville, NC. February 2004. Taylor, Curtis. â€Å"A Language Barrier; Mayor, HRA Oppose Bill Requiring Interpreters.† NexisLexis. Queens Edition. (November 2003): Joyner Library, City of Greenville, NC. February 2004. â€Å"Tips on How to Increase Cultural Competency.† American Physical Therapy Association. Foundation for Physical Therapy. 20 February 2004. . â€Å"Uninsured Hispanics With Limited English Face Formidable Barriers To Health Care Finds Commonwealth Fund Report.† LexisNexis, U.S. Newswire. (February 2003): Joyner Library, City of Greenville, NC. February 2004.

Grapes of Wrath Essay

The exodus of the Joad family from Oklahoma to the promised land of California. They were cheated by tradesmen along Highway 66, harassed by border guards at state boundaries, and on arrival were burned out of their makeshift camp by police deputies. One dark night the Joads wandered into Weedpatch Camp, a government refuge for migratory farm workers, where they found clean beds, indoor privies, food, friendship, and hope. â€Å"Oh! Praise God,† whispered Ma Joad. â€Å"God Almighty, I can’t hardly believe it! † pronounced Tom. (p. 390) Their praises were addressed to Providence, but were intended for Washington. Here, they believed, for the first time in their lives, was hard visible proof that their government, whatever and wherever it was, really cared about them and the hundreds of thousands of people like them–landless, homeless, penniless victims of a fickle climate, an unstable economy, and a pernicious way of life. Between the Lesters of Georgia and the Joads of Oklahoma, a profound change of spirit had come upon the land. The great revolution of the twentieth century, not only in the United States but also in the emerging nations abroad, is the kindling of an extravagant hope that the human condition of man can and should be improved, through the harnessing of the power, resources, and machinery of government, not in some distant millennium, but during the lifetime of those now living. The effective response of modern governments to this enormous challenge depends not only on the dreaming of dreams and the preaching of hope, but also on the capacity to convert the pictures in men’s heads into the realities in their lives. 4. Considering the characters in the novel, which actions do you find admirable, and why? Which do you find reprehensible, and why? Admirable A considerable indecisiveness emerges from the novel about how radical the problem is: whether the circumstances of class war exist likely from the interchapters or whether there is a clear-cut villain in the Farmers’ Association with no broader implications—likely from the chapters and their limited point of view. The problem is partly compounded by the pragmatism of the Joads themselves, in many ways admirable in the face of degenerating circumstances but also dangerous in their willingness to lower their expectations: at the beginning Ma Joad dreams of a white house in California after a few months on the road, she hopes they may one day afford a tent that does not leak; Rose of Sharon plans early in her pregnancy a comfortable future for her child at the end she is sulking for a little milk so that her baby may be born alive. The disadvantages of nonteleological thinking are apparent when the result is a perpetual readjustment to straitened conditions: while we are told that the metaphysical grapes of wrath are ripening for the vintage, what we see among the poor is stoicism, sacrifice, and one supreme act of charity. Reprehensible Rose of Sharon and Connie think only of themselves and of now they will break from the group, and when difficulties arise Connie wishes that he had stayed in Oklahoma to man a tractor driving the people from the land. Later, alone, Rose of Sharon complains of her plight and frets about the coming child, and instead of sharing the family responsibility she adds to family worries. Uncle John is similarly preoccupied with his guilt and his personal problems and is almost useless to the group, picking cotton at only half the rate of the other men. Both he and Al withhold money from the family treasury. Noah, thoughtless of the others, wanders away. Connie, leaving a pregnant wife, also deserts. Even the children show a teasing selfishness. Ruthie eats her crackerjacks slowly so that she can taunt the other children when theirs is gone, and at croquet she ignores the rules and tries to play by herself. 5. Describe the role women play throughout the novel The seemingly gratuitous details of the truck driver and the woman driver may intentionally suggest Steinbeck’s awareness that men are often destructive while women are usually more protective: Tom Joad has just been revealed as having committed manslaughter; later we shall see that Ma Joad and Rose of Sharon try to preserve the family and nurture life. Ma Joad would be womanly and maternal in any station. If she had been a duchess, she would have labored with heroism for the integrity of the family and would have had a comprehensive vision of the serious social obligations of her class. The scene of her farewell to Tom†¦ is of the pure essence of motherhood. The pathos is profound and free from a taint of sentimentality. The courage and devotion of the woman are sublime In Ma Joad, Steinbeck created one of the most memorable characters in American fiction of the twentieth century. It is her courage which sustains the family through the almost overwhelming distresses suffered during their epic migration to the West. She voices the author’s belief in the common folk’s invincible will to survive. Ma is a tower of strength to her group, like Pilar in Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls though less articulate. She is a kind of pagan earth mother, kind to her father-in-law and her mother-in-law, anxious to let her husband Pa lead the family but quickly assuming the reins when he lets them slip through weakness and lack of understanding, firm but sympathetic with her children, friendly with deserving strangers. Ma holds her family together far longer than anyone else in the group could have done. She suffers intensely when she sees Grampa die, then Noah disappear, then Granma die, and then Tom obliged to hide and then go away. But she almost never reveals the degree of her misery. She knows that while she holds, the unit will hold unless man’s inhumanity to man and nature’s indifference put pressure upon her which simply cannot be endured. She goads Pa into near frenzy, knowing that it will make him stronger. She threatens to slap Rose of Sharon at times, but when the poor, pregnant, abandoned girl needs comfort, Ma is there with it in full measure. She knows that she can rely on Tom, not Al. She lets Uncle John have money for one quick drunken spree, knowing that without it he might crack. References Steinbeck John, (1939) The Grapes of Wrath New York: Viking.

Persuasive Essay On Animal Testing - 748 Words

Animal Testing, what is it? On dictionary.com the definition for animal testing is, â€Å"noun; The use of non-human animals in research and development projects, esp. for purposes of determining the safety of substances such as foods or drugs† So what does that tell us? That Animal testing is okay, and a good thing for scientific research, right? Well in some cases, using lab rats is for a good cause, to test things out and see what’s cures what, but companies such as Loreal, L’Orà ©al, Maybelline, Windex, off, dawn, Està ©e Lauder, St. Ives, Olay, glade, soft soap, any plenty more use animal testing for horrid things. They go as far as caging animals and use them for multiple tests in a row, it’s just cruel. People everyday fund these companies†¦show more content†¦Currently there are plenty other sources that we can get to test whether you can put this on human skin we can consume this or you can use this and you know your face wont blow up P eople who say their animal friendly and vegan use products from L’Orà ©al and Maybelline in Windex all over their house and they have them its not right and it should be stopped. We keep on finding these horrible products and it does nothing we keep on finding these horrible products and it does nothing but good. Who can look some tiny helpless animal in the face and inject some sort of make up or chemicals in them and watch them suffer? I understand completely that science is necessary and testing is necessary but this is 2017 we can use other things besides animals to test out our products. So, you may argue, â€Å"Well what about it being necessary for tests, and what about benefits to humans it brings?† Well to begin, the FDA (food and drug administration) it’s not required to test most product on anyone or anything. Plus, most of the tests that they do on animals are different. According to the HIS (humane society international), â€Å"data shows that animal studies fail to predict real human outcomes in 50 to 99.7 percent of cases. This is mainly because other species seldom naturally suffer from the same diseases as found in humans.† (HIS.org). As far as alternatives go, â€Å"Currently over 30 alternative tests have been developed. The concern over whatShow MoreRelatedPersuasive essay against animal testing764 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Persuasive Essay against Animal Testing Abraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"I am in favour of animal rights as well as human rights. That is the way of a whole human being.†Ã‚  I couldn’t agree more with this statement as I do not believe that animal testing is right and I am totally against it. One of the main reasons I am against animal testing is the fact that the animals don’t have a choice and are being forced to be tested, which can lead to them getting seriously ill or dying as a cause of theRead MoreAnimal Testing Persuasive Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pagesangers me more, than people working in companies, factories, laboratories, and even in the comfort of their home to use innocent animals to test human products. They continue to test out these products on animals, even after it has been proven that in almost all cases, animal testing has no benefit on us as buyers or consumers. I have found that laboratories are using many animals that are considered as pets to families, such as mice and rats, rabbits, and even guinea pigs. They are forcefully using themRead MorePersuasive Essay On Animal Testing1080 Words   |  5 Pageshappens to the thousands of animals that aren’t in the rescue centers? Do you ever wonder what happens to those animals bought and never to be seen again? Two words, Animal Testing. This awful way of testing hundreds of companies products on these poor, innocent animals. Half to almost all of those animals get killed by these confused researchers looking for a way to make a profit. We need to find an alternative for these cruel researchers. We need to free those animals, they deserve to have a normalRead MoreAnimal Testing Persuasive Essay706 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout history,  animal experimentation  has played an important role in leading to new discoveries and human benefits. However, what many people tend to forget are the millions of animals that are tortured or killed during the process of these painful, deadly experiments. Many people seem to misunderstand animal nature and the laboratory procedures and techniques that are executed on the animals. The procedures are cruel, unreliable, and harmful. Luckily there are more humane alternatives thatRead MorePersuasive Essay On Animal Testing1155 Wo rds   |  5 PagesAnimal Testing Animal experiments happen all over the world, but are they necessary? Animals are tested for medical research as well as for cosmetics. Some say that these experiments are not painful, so they are justified. Where others believe that all these experiments are inhumane and nothing can justify torturing and killing innocent animals. Although many believe that animal testing is the best way to improve human health by finding new treatments and tests for the safety of the productsRead MorePersuasive Essay On Animal Testing962 Words   |  4 PagesFor many years, animal testing has been very widely accepted in the world for the purpose of testing products such as makeup, new medicine and medical procedures, as well as determining whether or not some foods are safe for human consumption. It’s a growing problem in the world that has led to the suffering of animals for thousands of years in order to benefit humans. In order to fix this, these tests need more strict regulations to be implemented in order to save animal lives and find lessRead MorePersuasive Essay On Animal Testing802 Words   |  4 PagesEvery year over 26 million Animals are used for scientific and commercial testing. They use these animals to develop medical treatments and to determine the safety for human use. Animals are put through intense torture, pain and death just to see if the product is safe for humans. Even pregnant animals get tested on and most of the time the baby animals die in the stomach. Testing on these innocent animals is cruel and inhuman. There is really not a similarity on animals and humans, half of the productsRead MoreAnimal Testing Persuasive Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pages About 19,500,000 animals in total are killed in scientific research every year. This means that about twenty percent of the animals tested on each year die, which may not seem like a large percentage; however, if it is taken into account that this happens to the same species in an endless cy cle, the numbers can begin to build. Although, through this process of testing, many lifesaving medicines have been created for all types of animals including humans. So, the issue the world is experiencing rightRead MorePersuasive Essay On Animal Testing1521 Words   |  7 Pagesmillion animals are killed each year in the name of animal testing. Now as some might say that sacrifice is needed for the common good, it is safe to say that animal testing may be taking it over the top to get such test results for the common good. Animal testing has been a common practice for many years to get results and side effects for food, drugs, pesticides, beauty products, and just about everything one uses in an average day. But now, in the modern world where ethics and animals rightsRead MoreAnimal Testing Persuasive Essay769 Words   |  4 Pagesis bad, your opinion is wrong, and the animals should die for science. Hold on, give me a sec,* clears throat* angry mob, put the torches and the pitc hforks down, its a joke. Clickbait and controversy aside, back in the space race animal testing was completely necessary. Many people disagree with this topic, and thats ok. Now that the angry mob has settled down a bit, let me tell you why animal testing was necessary during the space race. â€Å"Was the testing even necessary? Is winning the space race

Congress As Part Of The Fair Labor Standards Act - 1084 Words

Congress as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) instituted minimum wage back in 1938. The first minimum wage was at $0.25 per hour and the last minimum wage increase occurred in 2007. Over the past 65 years the minimum wage has varied considerably in inflation-adjusted buying power. It has averaged $6.60 an hour in purchasing power in 2013 dollars, but it has ranged from a low of $3.09 an hour in late 1948 to a high of $8.67 an hour in 1968. Today’s minimum wage buys somewhat more than the minimum wage has historically, although it remains over a dollar an hour below its historical high. In addition to the federal minimum wage, nearly all states within the United States have their own minimum wage laws with the exception of South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. Sixteen states have a minimum wage that is higher than the federal minimum wage. The first moves to legislate wages did not set minimum wages, rather the laws created arbitration boards and councils to resolve labor conflicts before the recourse to strikes. Minimum wage is raised usually when there is a time of healthy economic growth and low unemployment. In 1990, Congress enacted a minimum wage hike that took effect on April 1 of that year, when unemployment stood at 5.4 percent. Congress voted to raise the minimum wage again in August 1996—when unemployment stood at 5.1 percent. The next vote to raise the minimum wage occurred in May 2007, when unemployment stood at 4.4 percent.Show MoreRelatedThis American (Working) Life1053 Words   |  5 Pagespay (U.S. Cong. Federal Labor). These and other professions are labeled exempt from the Fair Labor Standards Act. An exempt profession, when put on a salary, is not protected by the FLSA and can work as many hours as required with no extra compensation. According to a new bill, S. 1747 The Computer Professionals Update Act , legislators would extend these exemptions to other IT professions (27-31). In a time wh en it is hard to find anyone with a good opinion of congress, why would any senator proposeRead MoreEssay on The Minimum Wage Should be Raised1371 Words   |  6 Pagesneed income of some type, were they wanted to make it fair were individual could get pay the same without a college degree. I am going to start off with a little about minimum wages history and how this could help our Economic. In 1892 Federal Government adopt an 8 hour workday and other wages standard for employee. In 1903 Congress create the U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor. In 1933 Congress passes the National Industrial Recovery Act covering private sector wage hour (Congressional Digest)Read MoreThe Federal Government1353 Words   |  6 Pagesto reforming how commerce clause is viewed. Let us take the constitution as a road map. Interpreting its powers has also form how congress uses those same power when it comes to the digression of law making (Legislation branch). In Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), United States v. E.C. Knight Company (1895), Muller v. Oregon (1908), Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918), National Labor Relations Board v. Jones Laughlin Steel Corp. (1937), and Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States et al. (1964), I will illustrateRead MoreChild Labor Laws In the 1800s1462 Words   |  6 PagesChild Labor Laws In The 1800s Child Labor, once known as the practice of employing young children in factories, now its used as a term for the employment of minors in general, especially in work that would interfere with their education or endanger their health. Throughout history and in all cultures children would work in the fields with their parents, or in the marketplace and young girls in the home until they were old enough to perform simple tasks. The use of child labor was not a problemRead MoreThe National Industrial Recovery Act1061 Words   |  5 PagesNational Industrial Recovery Act. Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. Ed. Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk. Detroit: Gale, 1999. Student Resources in Context. Web. 16 Mar. 2016. Gale Encyclopedia of U.S Economic History over the past 17 years has been covering the story of the National Industrial Recovery Act. The Book National Industrial Recovery Act talks about President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s initial New Deal Programs, National Industrial Recovery Act was the centerpiece of his programsRead MoreEssay on New Deal774 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst term. In a desperate attempt to solving the woes of the American population, FDR and his Congress passed more bills than any other president-congressional combination as ever done in their first impression time period. FDR’s domestic policy, known more widely as the New Deal, was intended to be a group of innovative measures to counteract the effects of the Great Depression. Roosevelt and the U.S. Congress, trying to reduce unemployment, restore prosperity and return a sense of morale to AmericanRead MoreThe Amendment And The Congressional Apportionment Amendment1285 Words   |  6 Pagesamendments t hat have made their way through the congress since first the constitution was instated. A few, however, never made it into the United States constitution. There were six amendments that were never ratified into the constitution. Some were justified in their reasons for not being ratified, but then there are some which to this day no one quite understands why they were not ratified into the constitution. In Americans attempt to be a fair and just country, its government made many differentRead MoreGibbons V Ogden ( 1824 )1007 Words   |  5 Pagessince his right to operate a steamboat on that route was protected by an act of Congress. According to Chief Justice Marshall, since interstate commerce includes navigation through a generally accepted understanding of the word â€Å"commerce†, the act of Congress was constitutional. To quote Chief Justice Marshall, he also argued that â€Å"Commerce†¦ is intercourse. It describes the commercial intercourse between nations, and parts of nations†¦ The mind can scarcely conceive a system for regulating commerce†¦Read MoreFDR’s Alphabet Soup1158 Words   |  5 Pagessummer of 1933, job recovery was still a major part of ending the Great Depression. The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and the National Recovery Administration (NRA) was the largest piece of industrial recovery and regulations during the time period. FDR stated, â€Å"Its object is to put industry and business workers into employment and increase their purchasing power through increased wages.† It did abundantly more than that. It also ended child labor, sweat shops, and lowered weekly wages in theRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The United States994 Words   |  4 Pagesthe passing of labor laws, anti-trust laws, unionization for important industries and the introduction of four new amendments in the constitution. Children have been servants throughout human history. Employers were taking advantage of children by making them work very long days and work in dangerous conditions. Children laborers also lacked an education due to the long hours they worked. Children worked to help support families but yet got very little pay. Reformers and labor organizers wanted

The Ethics And Social Welfare - 1541 Words

Case and Dilemma Following material from Harrison (2007), this critique focuses on implications for ethics and social welfare with particular focus on a male, Tom who has been attending sessions with his social worker after being referred for assistance. Issues range from being profoundly deaf, severe facial disfigurement, epilepsy, severe alcohol dependence and limited communication skills. Tom’s issues were manageable until he reverted to drinking with old friends. Following numerous complaints received by the housing department Tom was arrested by police for drunk and disorderly behaviour. This presents an ethical dilemma for the social worker in regards to accessing a plan of action to help address Tom’s future well-being instead of Jail. Analysis and Evaluation Currently Tom cannot live with his mother or sister due to his alcohol problem. He has no current address of his own, spending most of his time moving around from one friend to another until he is no longer welcome. Deciding on what outcome would benefit her client and his wellbeing presents a difficult pathway for the social worker. Even though Tom had presented with a range of issues the social worker made an action plan with Tom’s probation officer and was able to place him into his own flat just outside of town, which still offered some distant support from his mother. Moving into his new place Tom managed to settle in well for a few months and attend a day centre twice a week as prearranged. This wasShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics And Social Welfare1568 Words   |  7 Pagesmost decisions are restricted and invokes internal conflict as dilemmas highlight the differences and those conflicts when deciding on a course of action. The current literature contains a critique of an article selected from the eJournal Ethics and Social Welfare. It focuses on a dilemma encountered in a practice situation involving an inexperienced practitioner (a youth worker) met by two young women. Both women were 14 years of age, one of whom (Danielle) required emergency contraception withinRead MoreThe Ethics And Social Welfare1780 Words   |  8 Pagesmost decisions are restricted and invokes internal conflict as dilemmas highlight the differences and those conflicts when deciding on a course of action. The current literature contains a critique of an article selected from the eJournal Ethics and Social Welfare. It focuses on a dilemma encountered in a practice situation involving an inexperienced practitioner (a youth worker) met by two young women. Both women were 14 years of age, one of whom (Danielle) required emergency contraception withinRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics And Social Welfare Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesEthical standard 6.01 in NASW’s Code of Ethics pertains to social welfare. (National Association of Social Workers, 2016) clearly states that social workers should endorse the universal wellbeing of humanity, from local to global levels, and the growth of citizens, their neighborhoods, and their surroundings. From a political perspective (National Association of Social Workers, 2016) ascertains that social workers should campaign for a standard of living that meets basic human needs for individualsRead MoreSocial Welfare : The Protestant Work Ethic And The S pirit Of Capitalism995 Words   |  4 Pages In this essay I will analyse the issue of social welfare, referencing Weber’s Protestant Work Ethic and Foucault’s analysis of power structures and the welfare state. The support systems in place to ensure that the poorest and most vulnerable members of society are able to survive have been the subject of increasing scrutinisation and hostility as we have entered the 21st Century. This hostility to social welfare can be seen in the intense backlash against the Affordable Care Act in America, andRead MoreThe Importance Of Ethical Business Is Not New1334 Words   |  6 PagesThere are lessons to be learned, both positive and negative, from businesses around the world. CEOs must work hard to find a balance between profits and public image by learning from history, understanding the evolution of business ethics, and understanding the social responsibility of businesses. CEOs in the business world today are in a precarious position. They are accountable to shareholders to keep profits high while avoiding any scandal or implication of shady dealings. CEOs are alsoRead MoreWelfare Reform : Social Welfare Policy1257 Words   |  6 Pages Social Welfare Policy Social Welfare Policy Analysis Eric Dean University of Arkansas Introduction Several states have recently begun to enact legislation that requires welfare recipients to submit to drug tests before they are eligible to receive any public assistance. The purpose of mandatory drug testing is to prevent the potential abuse of taxpayer money, help individuals with drug problems, and ensure that public money is not subsidizing drug habits (Wincup, 2014). WhileRead MoreThe Nasw Stands For The National Association Of Social1057 Words   |  5 PagesAssociation of Social Workers. The NASW has made a code of ethics for all social workers to follow. The mission of practicing social workers is social justice for everyone, service to anyone in need, treating everyone with dignity and recognize their worth, understand the importance of human relationships, integrity in everything we’re involved in, and competence in the field. The NASW code of ethics has 6 purposes for social workers. 1. The code of ethics identifies core values for social workers 2Read MoreEncyclopedia Entry : Work Ethic1184 Words   |  5 PagesWork ethic is a set of values or belief based on moral attitude that hard work is worthy of reward. It also refers to the workers moral benefit based on one’s earnest and its ability to improve his capacity. Although the value has been changed throughout the history, society still has its expectation on workers that they should have a good work ethic in order to be selected for better position where it requires more responsibility, recognition of his contribution with higher wages. Contrary, societyRead MoreIntroduction. A Code Of Ethics Is A Formal Statement Of1343 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A code of ethics is a formal statement of what your business prospects in the way of ethical behavior. Ethics and its unique social function to influence the development of an organization. In the organization, ethics as a correction of people s behavior and soft interpersonal constraints, it can make employees clear justice and injustice and a series of independent moral and moral boundaries, so as to have a clear view of right and wrong, good and evil, improve the efficiency of moralRead MoreOutline Of Historical Views On Child Welfare Workforce And Nasw Standards994 Words   |  4 PagesWeek 1 - Child Welfare Workforce and NASW Standards Provide an overview of historical views on children and identify how this will impact your role in empowering families, protecting children from maltreatment, and engaging in ethical decision making as a child welfare worker. Historically, children were viewed very differently than they are today. Adults thought of children as being seen and not heard. Children were expected to work in textile factories or as chimney sweeps in order to provide

Evaluation of Challenges Facing Working

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation of Challenges Facing Working. Answer: Introduction The fundamental perception is that career women are discriminated right at the recruitment stage. Men are not ready to admit that women are as capable as they are to be their colleagues at any level of management apart from the few limited one referred to as the five Cs. That is, cashiering, catering, cleaning, caring and clerical work (Pletzer et al., 2015). Women engaged in such portfolios are perceived to work for pin money. That is, earn an extra income that does not necessarily contribute to the major budget of a household. Therefore, their income is considered as secondary income. As a result, womens potential is basically underestimated which leads women to have a propensity to settle for less demanding careers despite their qualifications. Research done on women and management has established in their bid to advance their careers they are influenced by issues of culture and religion. This is normally misinterpreted and therefore contributes a significant role on the advancement of women developing their careers (Metcalfe, 2006). Scope of the Study This paper will evaluate the various challenges faced the women in their bid to advance their career. It will cover factors relating to culture, organizational factors, religion, and family related factors such as balancing family life and career. The researcher will evaluate these specific factors since previous research has determined them as the major deterrents that cause women fail to advance their careers. Objectives of the Study The aim of this study therefore will be an evaluation of the challenges faced by working women in career advancement. It will be guided by the following specific objectives: 1) to establish whether organizational factors is a challenge to career advancement of working women in an organization; 2) to establish whether individual factors are a challenge to career advancement of women in an organization; 3) to determine whether cultural factors is a challenge to career advancement of women in an organization and; 4) To determine whether balancing work and family life is a challenge to working women in career advancement of women in an organization. Gender Imbalance in the Workplace The major disparity between men and women is based on age, job experience and work attributes. Currently, women are entering the job market and a big number are becoming entrepreneurs as the community gradually recognizes women as a vital economic resource. Unlike in the past, women are presently competitive in managerial portfolios but are limited in developing their career (Ghimire, 2006). There is a shortage of female leaders. This partly due to stereotyping and discriminating women in the offices. In their bid to advance their careers, women are faced with intangible barriers. These barriers have been termed as the glass ceiling. This is a term that refers to invisible or intangible artificial barriers that avert people from progressing with a company and achieving their potential (Weyer, 2007). The question therefore is, does the slow rate of women advancement in their career caused only by gender discrimination or stereotyping or are there other underlying reasons? Studies have shown that this is not necessarily the reason. In some studies the slow progression of women in career is caused by among other things their career choice. Research suggests that women choose careers that guarantee mobility, control over work sequences and also careers that give them a sense of accomplishment. In addition, women are known to put family first than men do over their work. Evidence of sexual stereotype is still experienced in the workplace. The phenomenon of overrating men and underrating women job seekers is widespread. Women are discriminated in terms of remuneration, promotion and their bid to raise the ranks in management in regardless of the job. The gap in gender is evident in the working lives of women even before they assume maternal responsibilities. Managers are hesitant to recruit younger married women for fear that they may soon start a family. They prefer older married women whose child-bearing duties are finished (Cole and Kelly, 2011). Several studies have described the unending discriminatory perception that female managers are collective; apply womanly management approach compared to men who apply a more competitive and business oriented approach. Montana et al. (2008) notes that women usually feel unfairly discriminated when it comes to promotions. Research reveals that in an environment of male dominated work place, women managers lack the multiplicity of experience in comparison to men. Women are prevented from promotions in their path towards corporate excellence through gender inequality, cultural and dissatisfactory promotion procedures. This negatively influences womens general work satisfaction. Very few companies make an efficient endeavor in helping women by providing information concerning training and career advancement programs. In Arab countries, culture directs that the fundamental role of a woman is in private domain. According to research, conservative perception of a womans role is still evident although there is a gradual shift towards a more liberal approach (Mostafa, 2005). Gradually, and particularly through the continued advocacy of equal education, the traditional or conservative perception of women is shifting towards accepting women as capable managers Summary and Gaps to be Filled by the Study The literature reviewed above has highlighted the various challenges faced by women in their bid to advance their careers. Factors related to structural organization in the workplace in terms of gender, stereotyping and discrimination of women have been reviewed. This study therefore aims to expound on the gaps identified in previous research by replicating the study in Australia. Research Questions Based on the review of the related literature and the objectives of the study, the research questions will be as follows; Primary Question What are the challenges facing working women in career advancement in an organization? What are the effects of organizational structure towards career advancement of working women in an organization? What are the effects of individual factors towards career advancement of women in an organization? How do gender cultural practices affect career advancement of women in an organization? How is balancing work and family life a challenge to working women in career advancement in an organization? Research Methodology This will be a quantitative study aimed at evaluating the factors associated with challenges faced by working women in their bid to advance career. The study will utilize a case study descriptive research design and will utilize primary data to be collected using a self -administered questionnaire. This is a scientific research carried to explain an incident or event. This method is preferable since it allows collection of information from the respondents in their natural surroundings thereby increasing a probability of a higher response rate (Brown, Hesketh and Williams, 2003). The researcher will select a large corporation such as Woolworths Group, Australia. A sample is a representation of the entire population that is used to infer to that population. The sample represents the population only to the extent that it consists of the same basic attributes from which it is drawn (Hossea and Rwegoshora, 2014). According to Mugenda and Mugenda (2003), 30% sample is considered representative of the population. The study will employ the stratified proportionate sampling technique since it ensures a high degree of representation of all the strata. This sampling method will be used because data needs to be collected from various departments and not just one department of the company. The sample size will be determined according to the total number of employees in the organization. Thirty percent of the entire population (30% of the total number of employees) will form the target population. Simple random sampling will then be used to select participants from each department based on availability. This formula will be employed; a/bc=z where; a is the number of employees in a department b is the total target population c is the sample size z is the number of respondents obtained from each department Project Plan Table 1: Work Plan ACTIVITY WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 WEEK 6 WEEK 7 WEEK 8 WEEK 9 WEEK 10 WEEK 11 WEEK 12 Problem formulation Literature review Proposal Writing Proposal submission Data collection Data analysis Research writing Research submission Research defence Questionnaire Design The questionnaire will be divided into five sections. Namely; Demographic information: age, marital status, level of education. The other four sections will include information related to the research questions. The researcher will utilize primary data by use of semi-structured questionnaire that will have both closed and open-ended questions. Data Analysis and Presentation After collection of data, questionnaires coded and stored in raw form. It will thereafter be analyzed using excel or any other statistical analysis tool such as Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Data will then be presented in text, pie charts, graphs, and tables. References and Bibliography Brown, P., Hesketh, A. and Wlliams, S. (2003) Employability in a Knowledge-driven Economy,Journal of Education and Work, 16(2), pp. 107126. Chanfreau, J. E. et al. (2011). Maternity, paternity and women returns survey 2011. : Department of Work and Pensions. Cole, G.A. and Kelly, P. (2011)Management Theory and Practice. 7th edn. South Western: Cengage Learning. Ghimire, B. (2006). Working women in the Middle East: A look into career women in the Middle East. internal business. Hossea M.M., Rwegoshora, (2014). A guide to social science research 2nd Edition. Mukuki na Nyota Publishers Macrory, I. (2012). Measuring national well-being. Households and families . Office of National Statistics,, . Metcalfe, B.D. (2008) Women, management and globalization in the middle east,Journal of Business Ethics, 83(1), pp. 85100. doi: 10.1007/s10551-007-9654-3. Montana, P.J., Charnov, B.H., Chartnov, B.H. and Hyman, B.M. (2008)Management (Barrons business review series). 4th edn. United States: Barrons Educational Series Inc.,U.S. Mostafa, M.M. (2005) Attitudes towards women managers in theUnited Arab Emirates,Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(6), pp. 522540. doi: 10.1108/02683940510615451. Mugenda O and Mugenda A. (2003) Research Methods: quantitative and qualitative approaches. Nairobi, Kenya. African Centre for Technology Studies. Pletzer, J.L., Nikolova, R., Kedzior, K.K. and Voelpel, S.C. (2015) Does gender matter? Females on corporate boards and firm financial performance - A Meta-Analysis,Academy of Management Proceedings, 2015(1), pp. 1237012370. doi: 10.5465/ambpp.2015.12370abstract. Weyer, B. (2007) Twenty years later: Explaining the persistence of the glass ceiling for women leaders,Women in Management Review, 22(6), pp. 482496. doi: 10.1108/09649420710778718. Woolworths Group (2016)Woolworths Group. Available at: TEAHTTPS://WOW2016AR.QREPORTS.COM.AU/HOME/PERFORMANCE-HIGHLIGHTS/2016-AT-A-GLANCE.HTMLMTEAM (Accessed: 30 January 2017).

Regards To The Accounting Policy Deployed †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Regards To The Accounting Policy Deployed? Answer: Introducation It is imperative to apply preliminary analytical procedures in order to plan for the audit to be conducted. With regards to the accounting policy deployed, there seems to be aberration which is evident especially after the CEO has come in. This is reflected on mainly two counts (Arens et.al., 2013). The discontinuation of provision for obsolescence in inventory when in previous years this has been an accepted policy.Also, an attempt to increase the useful life of the printing press from the current standard of 20 years to 30 years even though a peer group company also considers the useful life of the printing press to be 20 years. Further, based on given financial statements for the three years, the following observations can be made which are critical for audit planning (Caanz, 2016). Even though from 2014 to 2015, the increase in sales is around 17%, but the corresponding increase in accounts receivables is by more than 50% which looks suspicious and may be aimed at jacking up the current ratio.Also, there is a huge jump in inventory in 2015 and also the obsolescence provision is discontinued which again hints at attempt to increase the current assets.Intangible assets in 2015 to the tune of $ 975,000 has been recognised even though there is serious doubt on the existence of this asset as NPL medical books may be rendered irrelevant.A long term loan to the extent of $ 7.5 million has been taken in 2015. The purpose of the same needs to be probed further.The rising bad debt clearly does not fit in with the description of operations whereby the printing is done based on previous credit history of the customer and also the turnaround period in the business is low. However, the increasing bad debts on a y-o-y basis seem suspicious.Also, there is an increase in the di scounts offered which seem to be increasing at a faster pace in comparison with the sales.here is a huge increase in the interest expense in 2015 on account of the long term loan of $ 7.5 million which needs to be clarified from the management.The accounts receivables for 2014 seem to be significantly less but corresponding bad debt as a % of receivables is very high for 2014 which is not the case in 2015. Based on the above, the audit planning would be influenced so as to explore the critical aspects such as inventory valuation, receivables determination and collection policy, bad debts, possible amortization of intangible assets need to be probed during the audit process and also explanation from the management need to be sought on the incremental loan raised in 2015. Further, management clarification on the inventory policy change and also recognition of intangibles without any provisioning would be critically analysed (Gay and Simnett, 2012). Inherent risk typically refers to the intrinsic business risk that the given entity is exposed to. Based on the given description of the business of DIPL, it is apparent that it is looking to venture into ebooks besides print on demand. In this regards, the company has acquired a company named NPL with copyrighted content. This stream of business has the inherent risk of obsolescence especially if the content deals with physical or medical sciences as discoveries are being made and new theories are being proposed which may alter the existing view and explanations. Thus, while on one hand, this business may lead to a higher business margin but on the other hand it enhances the risk of content obsolescence (Leung, Coram and Cooper, 2012).. Also, online piracy of these ebooks and security threat are also key inherent risks which the business would need to consider. Another key inherent risk is related to the fall in demand of the main business which is print in demand which may arise on account of growing popularity of e-books which are not only cheaper but convenient to access, store and read through various technological inventions. This poses a significant business which probably the company also recognizes which may be the precise reason why it is venturing into ebooks. Going forward, it would be imperative for DIPL to focus on e books segment of the business as it would prove to be future growth engine but for this it would need to improve the content availability so as to attract high number of customers (Arens et. al., 2013). One of the key fraud risks is associated with financial reporting of NPLs medical textbooks on account of obsolescence which has not been reflected in the financial statements but suitable provision needs to be reflected based on the future write off. Also, information regarding the potential obsolescence needs to be captured in the notes to account. Failing to do so would tend to overstate the asset which would lead to imprudent decision making on the part of the various stakeholders. Also, considering the high profitability generation capacity of this business, the obsolescence would severely impact the bottomline of the company (Caanz, 2016). Another key fraud risk relates to reporting of revenues especially at the closing time which may be misrepresented as these can then be used to jack up the account receivables which is a pivotal element of the current assets. Besides, inventory accounting is also likely to be misrepresented as evident from the new CEOs policy of discontinuing obsolescence allowance. This misrepresentation could potentially be done in order to ensure that the current ratio stays above 1.5 so that there is no recall of the bank loan (Arens et. al., 2013). Considering the risk factors that have been identified above, it is imperative that the audit procedures deployed and audit planning must ensure that attention is paid to these aspects. With regards to obsolescence of NPLs medical books, suitable audit tests need to be deployed in wake of the available information to determine the nature of disclosure. Further, obsolescence testing for the paper and other inventory would also need to be performed besides, conducting check for revenues especially towards the end of the accounting period. These considerations need to be reflected in the overall audit strategy (Gay and Simnett, 2012). References Arens, A., Best, P., Shailer, G. and Fiedler,I. (2013). Auditing, Assurance Services and Ethics in Australia, 2nd ed., Sydney: Pearson Australia Gay,G. and Simnett, R. (2012).Auditing and Assurance Services in Australia, 5th ed., Sydney: McGraw-Hill Education Caanz, S. (2016), Auditing and Assurance Handbook 2016 Australia, 3rd ed., Sydney: John Wiley Sons Leung, P., Coram, P. and Cooper, B.J. (2012), Modern Auditing and Assurance Services, 4th ed., New York: John Wiley Sons